Taxonomic review of the genus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) in the Korean Peninsula

A taxonomic review of the genus Gonioctena in the Korean Peninsula is presented. Ten species belonging to three subgenera are recognized. Gonioctena jacobsoni (Ogloblin et Medvedev) and Gonioctnea kamiyai Kimoto are recorded for the first time in Korea. A key, illustrations of diagnostic characters, and the coloration patterns of Korean Gonioctena are provided.     

First record of the genus Adelphocorisella Miyamoto and Yasunaga (Hemiptera: Miridae) from Korea

Adelphocorisella lespedezae Miyamoto and Yasunaga, 1993 , which was previously known only from Japan, is reported from Korea for the first time and diagnosed. An image of its dorsal habitus as well as illustrations of the male genitalia are provided. The discovery of the mirid species also represents the first distributional record in Korea as well as the continental Palaearctic Region for the genus Adelphocorisella Miyamoto and Yasunaga, 1993 .     

Molecular phylogenetics of heliothine moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), with comments on the evolution of host range and pest status

Abstract The Heliothinae are a cosmopolitan subfamily of about 365 species that include some of the world’s most injurious crop pests. This study re‐assesses evolutionary relationships within heliothines, providing an improved phylogeny and classification to support ongoing intensive research on heliothine genomics, systematics, and biology. Our phylogeny estimate is based on two nuclear gene regions, namely elongation factor‐1α (EF‐1α; 1240 bp) and dopa decarboxylase (DDC; 687 bp), and on the barcoding region of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI; 708 bp), providing a total of 2635 bp. These were sequenced for 71 heliothines, representing all major genera and nearly all recognized subgenera and species groups, and for 16 outgroups representing all major lineages of trifine Noctuidae. Analysis of the combined data by maximum likelihood, unweighted parsimony and Bayesian methods gave nearly identical topologies, and the individual gene trees showed only one case of potentially strong conflict. Relationships among genera and subgenera are resolved with strong bootstrap support. The earliest‐diverging lineages (c. 200 species in total) consist almost entirely of host specialists, reflecting the inferred ancestral heliothine host range under parsimony. The remaining species form a clade – the Heliothis group – that includes most of the polyphages (30% of heliothines) and all of the major pests. Many other species in the Heliothis group, however, are host specialists. Our results extend previous efforts to subdivide this large clade, and show the most notorious pest groups, the corn earworm complex (Helicoverpa) and the tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) group, to be closely related, joining with a small oligophagous genus in what we term the major‐pest lineage. Thus, genomic/experimental results from one model pest may extrapolate well to other pest species. The frequency of evolutionary expansion and contraction in host range appears to increase dramatically at the base of the Heliothis group, in contrast to the case for earlier‐diverging lineages. We ascribe this difference provisionally to differential evolutionary constraints arising from contrasting life‐history syndromes. Host‐specific behaviour and crypsis, coupled with low fecundity and vagility, may discourage host‐range expansion in earlier‐diverging lineages. By contrast, in the Heliothis group, the absence of host‐specific traits, coupled with high vagility and fecundity, may more readily permit expansion or contraction of the host range in response to varying ecological pressures such as host species abundance or differential competition and predation.     

Interaction of Acronicta rumicis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its larval parasitoid, Glyptapanteles liparidis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

As a result of parasitism by Glyptapanteles liparidis in the first, second, third and fourth instar larvae of Acronicta rumicis, the mortality of each larval stage was found to be 46.67, 90, 71 and 16.67%, respectively. The mortality was highest when G. liparidis parasitized the second and third instar larvae. The difference in mortality between the parasitized group and the control group was 72.14% in the second instar larvae. With regards to the food consumption of the parasitized larvae, the first and second instar larvae consumed 6495.58 ± 646.52 mm² (leaf surface) and 7951.12 ± 4167.36 mm², respectively, while the third and fourth larvae consumed 13 826.77 ± 3396.66 mm² and 18 599.85 mm², respectively, showing that food consumption increased with instar stages of the host larvae. The clutch size of G. liparidis increased in relation to the instar stages of the host: it was 25.25 ± 7.89, 48.65 ± 53.75, 91.09 ± 44.52 and 114 individuals when they were fed with the first, second, third and the fourth instar larvae of the host, respectively.     

A phylogenetic review of the genus Hexabathynella Schminke, 1972 (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Bathynellacea): with a description of four new species

The genus Hexabathynella (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Bathynellacea) is revised in the sense of the phylogenetic systematics and four new species are described from South Africa ( H. monoaethetasca sp. nov. and H. africana sp. nov. ) and America ( H. schrieveri sp. nov. and H. virginiae sp. nov. ). A comparative analysis of all observable outer structures distributed in 18 known and four new species resulted in a re-evaluation of 18 characters and character states. The phylogenetic analysis using the program PAUP yielded one most-parsimonious tree, which suggests the grouping of ( H. decora (( H. halophila  +  H. aotearoae ) + ( H. pauliani ( H. monoaethetasca  + H. africana )))) + ( H. knoepffleri ( H. nicoleiana ( H. hebrica , H. tenera , H. longiappendiculata , H. breviappendiculata , H. nestica ) +  H. virginiae (( H. minuta ( H. valdecasasi + H. otayana )) + ( H. hessleri + H. muliebris ))) +  H. paranaensis ( H. szidati + H. schrieveri )). The tree is 57 steps long and has a consistency index of 0.6140, a retention index of 0.7982 and a rescaled consistency index of 0.4901. The result does not agree with the previous analyses on the genus. In terms of sampling and coding, the characters used in the previous study are critically assessed.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 147 , 71–96.     

中国蓝带蚊的系统发育数值分析

本文应用系统发育数值分析方法,对我国已知22种蓝带蚊的幼虫、雌蚊和雄蚊69个综合特征进行数值分析.根据修正的Wagner法计算值画出的分支图,与聚类分析法画出的矩阵图作比较,认为分支图更能反映已知种间的亲缘关系,并结合蓝带蚊属全球已知种的区系分布,计算各区的祖系比值作分析,新热带区的祖系比值特大,可能是蓝带蚊属的发源地.     

Cortical Patterns in Two Syngens of Glaucoma*

SYNOPSIS. Strains of 2 syngens of Glaucoma (16) were found to have different cortical characteristics. All clones of a particular strain had approximately the same range of corticotypes, approximately the same means and high and very similar variances. The chief differences between the syngens was the corticotypic range. The patterns of variation of cortical elements of syngen 2 appeared to be primarily extensions of the patterns of syngen 1. The range of meridian numbers of different species of Glaucoma overlapped with each other and could not be distinguished by this criterion alone.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in Perilla frutescens Brit

We isolated and characterized 13 polymorphic microsatellite primers from Perilla frutescens Brit. var. frutescens by using a modified method that involves one‐way PCR amplification with single primer prior to enrichment with an ‘oligo hook’. The efficiency of this procedure for isolating unique microsatellite sequences was approximately 77%. The number of alleles per microsatellite locus ranged from three to 10 with an average of 6.5 alleles per locus while fragment size varied from 156 to 298 bp. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.52 to 0.86 and 0.52 to 0.89, respectively. These newly isolated microsatellite markers are expected to provide valuable resources for different genetic studies currently underway in our Perilla genome research program.     

Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Fifty microsatellite sequences (SSRs) were isolated from an enriched library of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) using a modified protocol. After screening, 10 polymorphic microsatellites were used to determine their usefulness in diversity analysis among 16 sesame accessions. The number of alleles ranged from three to six alleles per locus with an average of 4.6 alleles. The fragment size varied from 150 bp to 307 bp. Expected heterozygosites (H_E) and polymorphism information contents (PICs) ranged from 0.437 to 0.858 and 0.34 to 0.80, respectively, which indicates the highly informative nature of the microsatellites reported here. These microsatellite markers will be very useful in diversity analysis among a large germplasm collection of sesame present in our Korean gene bank and also in the establishment of its core collection.